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Peptide Science
Foundational articles on how peptides are built and how they behave in research systems, plus compound-by-compound overviews that summarize the published evidence and its limits.
Peptide Science
What Is a Peptide? A Plain-Language Primer for Researchers
Peptides sit between single amino acids and full proteins. Here is how they are defined, how they are built, and why chain length changes everything about handling and stability.
August 24, 2026 · 6 min read
Peptide Science
What Is an Amino Acid?
Twenty proteinogenic residues, one shared backbone, and side chains that decide charge, solubility and stability. A short structural primer for laboratory work.
August 22, 2026 · 5 min read
Peptide Science
How Signaling Peptides Work
Most research peptides are messengers, not building material. Here is the receptor-level logic behind why a short sequence can produce a large downstream effect.
August 20, 2026 · 7 min read
Peptide Science
Receptor Pathways Primer
Binding affinity, efficacy, desensitisation and biased signalling — the four concepts that explain most surprises in peptide receptor work.
August 18, 2026 · 6 min read
Peptide Science
Amino Acid Signaling and Receptor Biology
Amino acids are not only building blocks — several are signals in their own right, sensed by receptors and nutrient-sensing complexes inside the cell.
August 16, 2026 · 5 min read
Peptide Science
The Science Behind Cellular Signaling
From ligand binding to gene transcription: how a signal at the cell surface becomes a lasting change inside the nucleus.
August 14, 2026 · 6 min read
Peptide Science
What Is a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist?
The incretin axis, why native GLP-1 lasts only minutes, and how modern analogues are engineered to survive far longer.
August 12, 2026 · 7 min read
Compound Reviews
Retatrutide vs Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide
One receptor, two receptors, or three. A structural and pharmacological comparison of the three most-studied incretin analogues.
August 10, 2026 · 8 min read
Compound Reviews
BPC-157 Research: Mechanism, Evidence and Open Questions
A pentadecapeptide fragment studied heavily in animal models. What the mechanism work describes, and where the human evidence gap sits.
August 8, 2026 · 7 min read
Compound Reviews
TB-500 and Thymosin Beta-4: What the Research Describes
TB-500 is a fragment, not the full protein. The distinction matters for how the published thymosin beta-4 literature should be read.
August 6, 2026 · 6 min read
Compound Reviews
GHK-Cu: The Copper Tripeptide, Reviewed
Three residues and one copper ion. Why the metal is part of the molecule, and what the dermatological and gene-expression literature actually reports.
August 4, 2026 · 6 min read
Peptide Science
A Short History of Peptide Research
From Fischer's peptide bond to solid-phase synthesis to engineered multi-receptor analogues — a century of method driving discovery.
August 3, 2026 · 6 min read
Compound Reviews
MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide
Encoded in mitochondrial DNA rather than the nuclear genome, MOTS-c sits at the centre of research on metabolic stress signalling.
August 2, 2026 · 6 min read
Compound Reviews
Humanin: The First Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide
Discovered in a screen for cytoprotective factors, humanin remains the reference case for mitochondrial-derived peptide biology.
July 30, 2026 · 5 min read
Compound Reviews
Ipamorelin: A Selective Growth Hormone Secretagogue
Ipamorelin is studied because of what it does not do — a ghrelin receptor agonist with a notably narrow reported off-target profile.
July 28, 2026 · 5 min read
Compound Reviews
Selank and Semax: Shared Design, Different Parent Peptides
Two Russian-developed research peptides built on the same stabilising strategy — and why that shared tail is a synthesis decision, not a shared mechanism.
July 26, 2026 · 6 min read
Compound Reviews
Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analogue
Amylin is co-secreted with insulin and signals satiety through the brainstem. Cagrilintide is the engineered, long-duration version studied alongside incretin compounds.
July 24, 2026 · 6 min read